A shop sells old video tapes, of which 1 in 5 on average are known to be damaged.
Find the smallest value of n if there is a probability of at least 0.85 that a random sample of n tapes contains at least one damaged tape.
Solution
The probability that a tape is not damaged is 0.8 (since 1 in 5 are damaged, so 4 in 5 are not).
The probability that all n tapes in a sample are not damaged is given by
(0.8)^n.
The probability that at least one tape is damaged is therefore
1 - (0.8)^n.
We need this probability to be at least 0.85:
1 - (0.8)^n \geq 0.85
(0.8)^n \leq 0.15
\(By trial and error or using logarithms, we find that
n = 9 satisfies this inequality.\)
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