(i) Let the probability of a screw being faulty be \(p\). Given the mean number of faulty screws per packet is 1.2, we have:
\(1.2 = 15p\)
Solving for \(p\), we get:
\(p = \frac{1.2}{15} = 0.08\)
The variance \(\text{Var} = npq\), where \(q = 1 - p\).
\(\text{Var} = 15 \times 0.08 \times 0.92 = 1.104\)
(ii) The probability that a packet contains at most 2 faulty screws is:
\(P(0, 1, 2) = (0.92)^{15} + 15C_1(0.08)(0.92)^{14} + 15C_2(0.08)^2(0.92)^{13}\)
Calculating each term:
\((0.92)^{15} = 0.275\)
\(15 \times 0.08 \times (0.92)^{14} = 0.359\)
\(15C_2 \times (0.08)^2 \times (0.92)^{13} = 0.253\)
Adding these probabilities gives:
\(P(0, 1, 2) = 0.275 + 0.359 + 0.253 = 0.887\)
(iii) The probability that there is at least 1 faulty screw in a packet is:
\(P(\text{at least 1 faulty screw}) = 1 - P(0) = 1 - (0.92)^{15}\)
\(= 1 - 0.275 = 0.7137\)
The probability that there are exactly 7 packets with at least 1 faulty screw is:
\(P(\text{exactly 7 packets}) = 8C_7(0.7137)^7(0.2863)\)
\(= 0.216\)