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Problem 268
268
In the diagram, AB is an arc of a circle, centre O and radius 6 cm, and angle AOB = \(\frac{1}{3} \pi\) radians. The line AX is a tangent to the circle at A, and OBX is a straight line.
Show that the exact length of AX is \(6 \sqrt{3}\) cm.
Find, in terms of \(\pi\) and \(\sqrt{3}\),
the area of the shaded region,
the perimeter of the shaded region.
Solution
(i) Since AX is tangent to the circle at A, \(\angle OAX = \frac{\pi}{2}\). Using the tangent formula, \(AX = 6 \tan \frac{\pi}{3} = 6 \sqrt{3}\).
(ii) The area of triangle OAX is \(\frac{1}{2} \times 6 \times 6 \sqrt{3} = 18 \sqrt{3}\).
The area of sector OAB is \(\frac{1}{2} \times 6^2 \times \frac{\pi}{3} = 6\pi\).
Thus, the area of the shaded region is \(18 \sqrt{3} - 6\pi\).
(iii) The arc length AB is \(6 \times \frac{\pi}{3} = 2\pi\).
Using trigonometry, \(OX = \frac{6}{\cos \frac{\pi}{3}} = 12\), so \(BX = 6\).
The perimeter of the shaded region is \(6 \sqrt{3} + 2\pi + 6\).