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June 2022 p52 q7
2651
Hanna buys 12 hollow chocolate eggs that each contain a sweet. The eggs look identical but Hanna knows that 3 contain a red sweet, 4 contain an orange sweet and 5 contain a yellow sweet. Each of Hanna’s three children in turn randomly chooses and eats one of the eggs, keeping the sweet it contained.
(a) Find the probability that all 3 eggs chosen contain the same colour sweet.
(b) Find the probability that all 3 eggs chosen contain a yellow sweet, given that all three children have the same colour sweet.
(c) Find the probability that at least one of Hanna’s three children chooses an egg that contains an orange sweet.
Solution
(a) To find the probability that all 3 eggs chosen contain the same colour sweet, consider the combinations:
- All red: \(\frac{3}{12} \times \frac{2}{11} \times \frac{1}{10} = \frac{6}{1320}\)
- All orange: \(\frac{4}{12} \times \frac{3}{11} \times \frac{2}{10} = \frac{24}{1320}\)
- All yellow: \(\frac{5}{12} \times \frac{4}{11} \times \frac{3}{10} = \frac{60}{1320}\)