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Problem 261
261
In the diagram, AB is an arc of a circle with centre O and radius r. The line XB is a tangent to the circle at B and A is the mid-point of OX.
(i) Show that angle AOB = \frac{1}{3}\pi radians.
Express each of the following in terms of r, \pi and \sqrt{3}:
(ii) the perimeter of the shaded region,
(iii) the area of the shaded region.
Solution
(i) Since OBX is a right angle (90°), we use the cosine rule: \(\cos \theta = \frac{r}{2r} = \frac{1}{2}\). Therefore, \(\theta = \frac{1}{3}\pi\) radians.
(ii) The arc length AB is \(\frac{1}{3}r\pi\). The length BX is \(r\tan(\frac{1}{3}\pi) = r\sqrt{3}\). Thus, the perimeter P is \(r + \frac{1}{3}r\pi + r\sqrt{3}\).
(iii) The area of the shaded region is the area of triangle OBX minus the area of sector AOB. The area of triangle OBX is \(\frac{1}{2}r^2\sqrt{3}\) and the area of sector AOB is \(\frac{1}{6}r^2\pi\). Therefore, the area of the shaded region is \(\frac{1}{2}r^2\sqrt{3} - \frac{1}{6}r^2\pi\).