Dayo chooses two digits at random, without replacement, from the 9-digit number 113 333 555.
- Find the probability that the two digits chosen are equal.
- Find the probability that one digit is a 5 and one digit is not a 5.
Solution
(i) To find the probability that the two digits chosen are equal, consider the digits 1, 3, and 5 in the number 113 333 555. The probabilities are:
\(P(1, 1) = \frac{2}{9} \times \frac{1}{8}\)
\(P(3, 3) = \frac{4}{9} \times \frac{3}{8}\)
\(P(5, 5) = \frac{3}{9} \times \frac{2}{8}\)
Summing these probabilities gives:
\(\frac{2}{9} \times \frac{1}{8} + \frac{4}{9} \times \frac{3}{8} + \frac{3}{9} \times \frac{2}{8} = \frac{5}{18}\)
(ii) To find the probability that one digit is a 5 and one digit is not a 5, consider:
\(P(5, \overline{5}) + P(\overline{5}, 5)\)
\(= \frac{3}{9} \times \frac{6}{8} + \frac{6}{9} \times \frac{3}{8} = \frac{36}{72} = \frac{1}{2}\)
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