54

Answer

54

The frequency axis begins above zero, so bar lengths exaggerate the relative differences.

Answer

The frequency axis begins above zero, so bar lengths exaggerate the relative differences.

Compare the change with the original frequency A.

Answer

Describe the population claim cautiously and report the sample size and method.

No. It is a sample estimate, subject to random variation and any collection bias.

Answer

No. It is a sample estimate, subject to random variation and any collection bias.

Name the population actually sampled and avoid extending the conclusion to another school.

\(\frac{42}{70}\), or 60%, of the sample prefer cycling; this estimates the target population preference, subject to sampling variation and response bias.

Answer

\(\frac{42}{70}\), or 60%, of the sample prefer cycling; this estimates the target population preference, subject to sampling variation and response bias.

Sample residents from a complete household frame across neighbourhoods, including non-participants.

No. Swimming-club members are a selected group likely to be more interested in sport.

Answer

No. Swimming-club members are a selected group likely to be more interested in sport.

Compare the methods, sample coverage, response and variation before drawing that conclusion.

No. Different samples, dates, wording or collection rules can produce different results.

Answer

No. Different samples, dates, wording or collection rules can produce different results.

Use one operational definition consistently; do not combine incompatible counts.

Agree whether a visit means each entry or each distinct person, revise the instructions, and repeat a short pilot.

Answer

Agree whether a visit means each entry or each distinct person, revise the instructions, and repeat a short pilot.

The sample total is the sum of the three groups; state whether categories are exhaustive and non-overlapping.

Use equal-width bars starting at zero, label the count axis and categories, report all three frequencies, sample size and selection method, and qualify population estimates.

Answer

Use equal-width bars starting at zero, label the count axis and categories, report all three frequencies, sample size and selection method, and qualify population estimates.

Separate the arithmetic claim from the sampling claim. Fixing the graph alone would not repair the sample.

C does not nearly double A. A zero-based equal-width bar chart shows the actual counts. Lunchtime volunteers may not represent everyone; sample randomly from a full target list across relevant groups and report response rates.

Answer

C does not nearly double A. A zero-based equal-width bar chart shows the actual counts. Lunchtime volunteers may not represent everyone; sample randomly from a full target list across relevant groups and report response rates.