0606 P13 - Nov 2020 - Q5 - 5 marks
8189
Given that the coefficient of \(x^2\) in the expansion of
\((1+x)\left(1-\frac{x}{2}\right)^n\)
is \(\dfrac{25}{4}\), find the value of the positive integer \(n\).
Solution
Answer: \(n=10\).
Expand the terms needed to form \(x^2\):
\(\left(1-\frac{x}{2}\right)^n =1+n\left(-\frac{x}{2}\right)+\binom{n}{2}\frac{x^2}{4}+\cdots.\)
Multiplying by \(1+x\), the coefficient of \(x^2\) is formed from two contributions:
\(1\cdot \binom{n}{2}\frac{x^2}{4}\)
and
\(x\cdot n\left(-\frac{x}{2}\right).\)
So the coefficient of \(x^2\) is
\(\frac14\binom{n}{2}-\frac{n}{2}.\)
This is given as \(\frac{25}{4}\), so
\(\frac14\cdot\frac{n(n-1)}{2}-\frac{n}{2}=\frac{25}{4}.\)
Multiplying by \(8\),
\(n(n-1)-4n=50.\)
Hence
\(n^2-5n-50=0.\)
Factorising,
\((n-10)(n+5)=0.\)
Since \(n\) is a positive integer,
\(n=10.\)