Functions f and g are defined by
\(f : x \mapsto 2x + 3\) for \(x \leq 0\),
\(g : x \mapsto x^2 - 6x\) for \(x \leq 3\).
(i) Express \(f^{-1}(x)\) in terms of \(x\) and solve the equation \(f(x) = f^{-1}(x)\).
(iii) Find the set of values of \(x\) which satisfy \(gf(x) \leq 16\).
Solution
(i) To find \(f^{-1}(x)\), start with \(y = 2x + 3\).
Solve for \(x\):
\(y - 3 = 2x\)
\(x = \frac{y - 3}{2}\)
Thus, \(f^{-1}(x) = \frac{1}{2}x - \frac{3}{2}\).
To solve \(f(x) = f^{-1}(x)\):
\(2x + 3 = \frac{1}{2}x - \frac{3}{2}\)
Multiply through by 2 to clear the fraction:
\(4x + 6 = x - 3\)
\(3x = -9\)
\(x = -3\)
(iii) Find \(gf(x) \leq 16\):
\(gf(x) = g(2x + 3) = (2x + 3)^2 - 6(2x + 3)\)
\(= 4x^2 + 12x + 9 - 12x - 18\)
\(= 4x^2 - 9\)
Set \(4x^2 - 9 \leq 16\):
\(4x^2 \leq 25\)
\(x^2 \leq \frac{25}{4}\)
\(-\frac{5}{2} \leq x \leq \frac{5}{2}\)
Given \(x \leq 0\), the solution is \(-\frac{5}{2} \leq x \leq 0\).
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