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Feb/Mar 2019 p12 q8
685
(i) Express \(x^2 - 4x + 7\) in the form \((x + a)^2 + b\).
The function \(f\) is defined by \(f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 7\) for \(x < k\), where \(k\) is a constant.
(ii) State the largest value of \(k\) for which \(f\) is a decreasing function.
The value of \(k\) is now given to be 1.
(iii) Find an expression for \(f^{-1}(x)\) and state the domain of \(f^{-1}\).
(iv) The function \(g\) is defined by \(g(x) = \frac{2}{x-1}\) for \(x > 1\). Find an expression for \(gf(x)\) and state the range of \(gf\).
Solution
(i) To express \(x^2 - 4x + 7\) in the form \((x + a)^2 + b\), complete the square:
\(x^2 - 4x + 7 = (x-2)^2 - 4 + 7 = (x-2)^2 + 3\).
(ii) The function \(f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 7\) is decreasing when its derivative \(f'(x) = 2x - 4\) is negative. Solving \(2x - 4 < 0\) gives \(x < 2\). Therefore, the largest value of \(k\) is 2, so \(k \leq 2\).
(iii) To find \(f^{-1}(x)\), start with \(y = (x-2)^2 + 3\). Solving for \(x\), we get:
\(x - 2 = \pm \sqrt{y - 3}\)
Since \(x < 1\), choose the negative root: \(x = 2 - \sqrt{y - 3}\).
Thus, \(f^{-1}(x) = 2 - \sqrt{x-3}\) for \(x > 4\).
The range of \(gf(x)\) is determined by the values of \((x-2)^2 + 2\), which is always greater than 2. Therefore, the range of \(gf(x)\) is \(0 < gf(x) < \frac{2}{3}\).