June 2021 p13 q10
629
Points \(A(-2, 3)\), \(B(3, 0)\) and \(C(6, 5)\) lie on the circumference of a circle with centre \(D\).
(a) Show that angle \(ABC = 90^\circ\).
(b) Hence state the coordinates of \(D\).
(c) Find an equation of the circle.
The point \(E\) lies on the circumference of the circle such that \(BE\) is a diameter.
(d) Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at \(E\).
Solution
(a) Calculate the gradients of \(AB\) and \(BC\):
Gradient of \(AB = \frac{-3}{5}\), Gradient of \(BC = \frac{5}{3}\).
The product of the gradients \(m_{AB} \times m_{BC} = -1\), confirming \(\angle ABC = 90^\circ\).
(b) The center \(D\) is the midpoint of \(AC\):
\(D = \left( \frac{-2+6}{2}, \frac{3+5}{2} \right) = (2, 4)\).
(c) Use the circle equation \((x - x_c)^2 + (y - y_c)^2 = r^2\):
\((x-2)^2 + (y-4)^2 = 17\).
(d) Find \(E\) such that \(BE\) is a diameter:
\(E = (1, 8)\).
The gradient of the tangent is the negative reciprocal of \(BE\):
Gradient of \(BE = -4\), so gradient of tangent = \(\frac{1}{4}\).
Equation of the tangent: \(y - 8 = \frac{1}{4}(x - 1)\).
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