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Nov 2021 p12 q12
627
The diagram shows the circle with equation \(x^2 + y^2 - 6x + 4y - 27 = 0\) and the tangent to the circle at the point \(P (5, 4)\).
(a) The tangent to the circle at \(P\) meets the \(x\)-axis at \(A\) and the \(y\)-axis at \(B\). Find the area of triangle \(OAB\), where \(O\) is the origin.
(b) Points \(Q\) and \(R\) also lie on the circle, such that \(PQR\) is an equilateral triangle. Find the exact area of triangle \(PQR\).
Solution
(a) The center of the circle is found by completing the square: \((x-3)^2 + (y+2)^2 = 40\), so the center is \((3, -2)\) and the radius is \(\sqrt{40}\).
The gradient of the radius at \(P (5, 4)\) is \(\frac{-2 - 4}{3 - 5} = 3\). The gradient of the tangent is the negative reciprocal, \(-\frac{1}{3}\).
The equation of the tangent line is \(y - 4 = -\frac{1}{3}(x - 5)\), which simplifies to \(y = -\frac{1}{3}x + \frac{17}{3}\).
Intercepts: \(A (17, 0)\) and \(B (0, \frac{17}{3})\).
Area of \(\triangle OAB = \frac{1}{2} \times 17 \times \frac{17}{3} = \frac{289}{6}\).
(b) The radius of the circle is \(\sqrt{40}\).
For \(\triangle PQR\) to be equilateral, each side is \(\sqrt{40}\). The area of \(\triangle PQR\) is \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \times (\sqrt{40})^2 = 30\sqrt{3}\).