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June 2019 p43 q1
3810
A bus moves in a straight line between two bus stops. The bus starts from rest and accelerates at 2.1 \(\text{m/s}^2\) for 5 s. The bus then travels for 24 s at constant speed and finally slows down, with a constant deceleration, stopping in a further 6 s. Sketch a velocity-time graph for the motion and hence find the distance between the two bus stops.
Solution
The motion of the bus can be divided into three phases:
Acceleration from rest for 5 s at 2.1 \(\text{m/s}^2\):
The final velocity \(v = u + at = 0 + 2.1 \times 5 = 10.5 \text{ m/s}\).
Constant speed for 24 s:
The velocity remains 10.5 \(\text{m/s}\).
Deceleration to stop in 6 s:
The initial velocity for this phase is 10.5 \(\text{m/s}\) and the final velocity is 0 \(\text{m/s}\).
The velocity-time graph is a trapezium with vertices at \((0, 0)\), \((5, 10.5)\), \((29, 10.5)\), and \((35, 0)\).
The area under the velocity-time graph gives the total distance traveled: