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June 2020 p43 q4
3808
A car starts from rest and moves in a straight line with constant acceleration \(a \text{ m s}^{-2}\) for a distance of 50 m. The car then travels with constant velocity for 500 m for a period of 25 s, before decelerating to rest. The magnitude of this deceleration is \(2a \text{ m s}^{-2}\).
(a) Sketch the velocity-time graph for the motion of the car.
(b) Find the value of \(a\).
(c) Find the total time for which the car is in motion.
Solution
(a) The velocity-time graph is a trapezium. The car accelerates from rest to a constant velocity, travels at this constant velocity, and then decelerates to rest. The gradient of the right-hand side is approximately twice that of the left-hand side due to the deceleration being \(2a\).
(b) To find the constant velocity, use the formula: \(v = \frac{500}{25} = 20 \text{ m s}^{-1}\).
Using the equation \(v^2 = u^2 + 2as\), where \(u = 0\), \(v = 20\), and \(s = 50\):
\(20^2 = 0 + 2a \times 50\)
\(400 = 100a\)
\(a = 4\)
(c) Time to accelerate: \(t = \frac{v}{a} = \frac{20}{4} = 5 \text{ s}\).