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June 2022 p42 q4
3799
A particle A, moving along a straight horizontal track with constant speed 8 m/s, passes a fixed point O. Four seconds later, another particle B passes O, moving along a parallel track in the same direction as A. Particle B has speed 20 m/s when it passes O and has a constant deceleration of 2 m/s². B comes to rest when it returns to O.
(a) Find expressions, in terms of t, for the displacement from O of each particle t seconds after B passes O.
(b) Find the values of t when the particles are the same distance from O.
(c) On the given axes, sketch the displacement-time graphs for both particles, for values of t from 0 to 20.
Diagram: A graph with s (m) on the vertical axis and t (s) on the horizontal axis, ranging from 0 to 20.
Solution
(a) For particle A, it moves with constant speed 8 m/s. Since B passes O 4 seconds after A, the displacement of A after t seconds is:
\(s_A = 8(4 + t) = 32 + 8t\)
For particle B, using the equation \(s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2\) with \(u = 20\) m/s and \(a = -2\) m/s², the displacement is:
(c) The graph for A is a straight line starting at \(s = 32\) when \(t = 0\) with a positive gradient. The graph for B is an inverted quadratic starting at the origin, reaching a maximum, and then returning to the axis. They intersect at \(t = 4\) and \(t = 8\).