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June 2017 p43 q4
3747
A particle P moves in a straight line starting from a point O. At time t s after leaving O, the velocity, v m s-1, of P is given by v = (2t - 5)^3.
Find the values of t when the acceleration of P is 54 m s-2.
Find an expression for the displacement of P from O at time t s.
Solution
(i) The acceleration a is given by the derivative of velocity with respect to time: \(a = \frac{dv}{dt} = 3 \times 2 \times (2t - 5)^2\). Setting \(a = 54\), we have:
\(6(2t - 5)^2 = 54\)
\((2t - 5)^2 = 9\)
\(2t - 5 = \pm 3\)
Solving for \(t\), we get \(t = 1\) or \(t = 4\).
(ii) The displacement s is the integral of velocity with respect to time: \(s = \int v \, dt = \int (2t - 5)^3 \, dt\).
Using the substitution \(u = 2t - 5\), \(du = 2 \, dt\), we have:
\(s = \frac{1}{2} \int u^3 \, du = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{u^4}{4} + C = \frac{(2t - 5)^4}{8} + C\).
Given \(s = 0\) at \(t = 0\), we find \(C\) by substituting \(t = 0\):
\(0 = \frac{(-5)^4}{8} + C\)
\(C = -\frac{625}{8}\)
Thus, the displacement is \(s = \frac{(2t-5)^4}{8} - \frac{625}{8}\).