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Nov 2004 p4 q4
3588
A lorry of mass 16000 kg climbs from the bottom to the top of a straight hill of length 1000 m at a constant speed of 10 m s-1. The top of the hill is 20 m above the level of the bottom of the hill. The driving force of the lorry is constant and equal to 5000 N. Find
the gain in gravitational potential energy of the lorry,
the work done by the driving force,
the work done against the force resisting the motion of the lorry.
On reaching the top of the hill the lorry continues along a straight horizontal road against a constant resistance of 1500 N. The driving force of the lorry is not now constant, and the speed of the lorry increases from 10 m s-1 at the top of the hill to 25 m s-1 at the point P. The distance of P from the top of the hill is 2000 m.
Find the work done by the driving force of the lorry while the lorry travels from the top of the hill to P.
Solution
(i) The gain in gravitational potential energy (GPE) is given by \(mgh\), where \(m = 16000 \text{ kg}\), \(g = 10 \text{ m s}^{-2}\), and \(h = 20 \text{ m}\). Thus, \(\text{GPE} = 16000 \times 10 \times 20 = 3.2 \times 10^6 \text{ J}\).
(ii) The work done by the driving force is \(\text{force} \times \text{distance} = 5000 \times 1000 = 5 \times 10^6 \text{ J}\).
(iii) The work done against the force resisting the motion is the difference between the work done by the driving force and the gain in GPE: \(5 \times 10^6 - 3.2 \times 10^6 = 1.8 \times 10^6 \text{ J}\).
(iv) The increase in kinetic energy (KE) is \(\frac{1}{2} m (v^2 - u^2)\), where \(m = 16000 \text{ kg}\), \(u = 10 \text{ m s}^{-1}\), and \(v = 25 \text{ m s}^{-1}\). Thus, \(\text{increase in KE} = \frac{1}{2} \times 16000 \times (25^2 - 10^2) = 4.2 \times 10^6 \text{ J}\).
The work done against resistance is \(1500 \times 2000 = 3 \times 10^6 \text{ J}\).
The total work done by the driving force is the sum of the increase in KE and the work done against resistance: \(4.2 \times 10^6 + 3 \times 10^6 = 7.2 \times 10^6 \text{ J}\).