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Nov 2014 p42 q5
3544
Particles A and B, each of mass 0.3 kg, are connected by a light inextensible string. The string passes over a small smooth pulley fixed at the edge of a rough horizontal surface. Particle A hangs freely and particle B is held at rest in contact with the surface (see diagram). The coefficient of friction between B and the surface is 0.7. Particle B is released and moves on the surface without reaching the pulley.
(i) Find, for the first 0.9 m of B's motion,
the work done against the frictional force acting on B,
the loss of potential energy of the system,
the gain in kinetic energy of the system.
At the instant when B has moved 0.9 m the string breaks. A is at a height of 0.54 m above a horizontal floor at this instant.
(ii) Find the speed with which A reaches the floor.
Solution
(i) (a) The frictional force acting on B is given by \(F = \mu R = 0.7 \times 3\). The work done against the frictional force is \(\text{WD} = Fs = 2.1 \times 0.9 = 1.89 \text{ J}\).
(b) The loss of potential energy of the system is \(3 \times 0.9 = 2.7 \text{ J}\).
(c) The gain in kinetic energy of the system is given by \(\text{KE gain} = \text{loss in PE} - \text{WD by friction} = 2.7 - 1.89 = 0.81 \text{ J}\).
(ii) Using the kinetic energy equation, \(\frac{1}{2}(0.3 + 0.3)v_{\text{at break}}^2 = 0.81\). Solving for \(v_{\text{at break}}\), we find \(v_{\text{at break}}^2 = 2.7\).
Using the equation \(v_{\text{floor}}^2 = v_{\text{at break}}^2 + 2g \times 0.54\), we find \(v_{\text{floor}} = 3.67 \text{ m/s}\).