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June 2015 p42 q2
3452
The total mass of a cyclist and his cycle is 80 kg. The resistance to motion is zero.
The cyclist moves along a horizontal straight road working at a constant rate of \(P\) W. Find the value of \(P\) given that the cyclist’s speed is 5 m s\(^{-1}\) when his acceleration is 1.2 m s\(^{-2}\).
The cyclist moves up a straight hill inclined at an angle \(\alpha\), where \(\sin \alpha = 0.035\). Find the acceleration of the cyclist at an instant when he is working at a rate of 450 W and has speed 3.6 m s\(^{-1}\).
Solution
(i) Using the formula for power \(P = Fv\), where \(F\) is the force and \(v\) is the velocity. The force \(F\) can be found using Newton's second law \(F = ma\), where \(m = 80\) kg and \(a = 1.2\) m s\(^{-2}\).
Thus, \(F = 80 \times 1.2 = 96\) N.
Substitute into the power formula: \(P = 96 \times 5 = 480\) W.
(ii) The power \(P = 450\) W, speed \(v = 3.6\) m s\(^{-1}\), and \(\sin \alpha = 0.035\).
Using the formula \(\frac{P}{v} - mg \sin \alpha = ma\), where \(m = 80\) kg and \(g = 9.8\) m s\(^{-2}\).