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June 2020 p41 q2
3416
A car of mass 1800 kg is towing a trailer of mass 400 kg along a straight horizontal road. The car and trailer are connected by a light rigid tow-bar. The car is accelerating at 1.5 \(\text{ms}^{-2}\). There are constant resistance forces of 250 N on the car and 100 N on the trailer.
(a) Find the tension in the tow-bar.
(b) Find the power of the engine of the car at the instant when the speed is 20 \(\text{ms}^{-1}\).
Solution
(a) To find the tension \(T\) in the tow-bar, consider the forces acting on the trailer. The trailer has a mass of 400 kg and is accelerating at 1.5 \(\text{ms}^{-2}\). The net force on the trailer is given by Newton's second law:
\(T - 100 = 400 \times 1.5\)
Solving for \(T\):
\(T = 400 \times 1.5 + 100 = 700 \text{ N}\)
(b) To find the power of the engine, first calculate the total force \(F\) exerted by the engine. The car and trailer together have a total mass of 2200 kg. Using Newton's second law for the entire system: