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June 2022 p43 q3
3373
The displacement of a particle moving in a straight line is s metres at time t seconds after leaving a fixed point O. The particle starts from rest and passes through points P, Q and R, at times t = 5, t = 10 and t = 15 respectively, and returns to O at time t = 20. The distances OP, OQ and OR are 50 m, 150 m and 200 m respectively.
The diagram shows a displacement-time graph which models the motion of the particle from t = 0 to t = 20. The graph consists of two curved segments AB and CD and two straight line segments BC and DE.
Find the speed of the particle between t = 5 and t = 10.
Find the acceleration of the particle between t = 0 and t = 5, given that it is constant.
Find the average speed of the particle during its motion.
Solution
(a) The speed between t = 5 and t = 10 is calculated using the formula for speed, which is the change in displacement over time. The displacement changes from 50 m to 150 m over 5 seconds, so:
(b) To find the acceleration between t = 0 and t = 5, we use the equation of motion \(v = u + at\). The initial velocity \(u = 0\) (since the particle starts from rest), and the final velocity \(v = 20 \text{ ms}^{-1}\) at t = 5:
\(20 = 0 + a \times 5\)
Solving for \(a\):
\(a = \frac{20}{5} = 4 \text{ ms}^{-2}\)
(c) The average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken. The particle travels 50 m to P, 100 m to Q, 50 m to R, and 200 m back to O: