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June 2005 p6 q1
3344
It is known that, on average, 2 people in 5 in a certain country are overweight. A random sample of 400 people is chosen. Using a suitable approximation, find the probability that fewer than 165 people in the sample are overweight.
Solution
Let the random variable \(X\) represent the number of overweight people in the sample of 400. Given that 2 out of 5 people are overweight, the probability \(p\) of a person being overweight is \(p = \frac{2}{5} = 0.4\).
The expected number of overweight people \(\mu\) is given by \(\mu = np = 400 \times 0.4 = 160\).
The variance \(\sigma^2\) is given by \(\sigma^2 = np(1-p) = 400 \times 0.4 \times 0.6 = 96\).
We use a normal approximation to the binomial distribution. The standard deviation \(\sigma\) is \(\sqrt{96} \approx 9.798\).
We apply continuity correction for the normal approximation: \(P(X < 165) \approx P(X \leq 164.5)\).