Given that the lengths are normally distributed, we use the standard normal distribution to find \(\mu\) and \(\sigma\).
For 4% longer than 12 cm, the z-score is:
\(z = \frac{12 - \mu}{\sigma}\)
From standard normal tables, \(z = 1.751\) for 4% in the upper tail.
Thus, \(1.751 = \frac{12 - \mu}{\sigma}\).
For 32% longer than 9 cm, the z-score is:
\(z = \frac{9 - \mu}{\sigma}\)
From standard normal tables, \(z = 0.468\) for 32% in the upper tail.
Thus, \(0.468 = \frac{9 - \mu}{\sigma}\).
We have two equations:
- \(1.751 = \frac{12 - \mu}{\sigma}\)
- \(0.468 = \frac{9 - \mu}{\sigma}\)
Subtract the second equation from the first:
\(1.751 - 0.468 = \frac{12 - \mu}{\sigma} - \frac{9 - \mu}{\sigma}\)
\(1.283 = \frac{3}{\sigma}\)
\(\sigma = \frac{3}{1.283} = 2.34\)
Substitute \(\sigma = 2.34\) into the first equation:
\(1.751 = \frac{12 - \mu}{2.34}\)
\(12 - \mu = 1.751 \times 2.34\)
\(12 - \mu = 4.1\)
\(\mu = 12 - 4.1 = 7.91\)