(i) To find the proportion of bananas that are small, we standardize the weight 95 grams using the formula:
\(z = \frac{95 - 150}{50} = -1.1\)
We find \(P(z < -1.1)\) using the standard normal distribution table:
\(P(z < -1.1) = 0.136\)
Thus, the proportion of bananas that are small is 0.136.
(ii) To find the weight exceeded by 10% of bananas, we need the 90th percentile of the distribution. The z-value for 90% is approximately 1.282.
Using the standardization formula:
\(1.282 = \frac{x - 150}{50}\)
Solving for \(x\):
\(x = 1.282 \times 50 + 150 = 214 \text{ g}\)
(iii) (a) The probability that a banana is medium is given by:
\(P(\text{medium}) = 1 - 2 \times 0.1357 = 0.7286\)
(b) The expected cost per banana is calculated as follows:
\(0.1357 \times 10 + 0.1357 \times 25 + 0.7286 \times 20 = 19.3215 \text{ cents}\)
The total cost for 100 bananas is:
\(100 \times 19.3215 = 1930 \text{ cents} = \$19.30\)