Given that the lengths of fish are normally distributed, we have:
\(P(X < 12) = \frac{42}{400} = 0.105\)
\(P(X > 19) = \frac{58}{400} = 0.145\)
Using the standard normal distribution table, we find the corresponding z-values:
\(\frac{12 - \mu}{\sigma} = -1.253\)
\(\frac{19 - \mu}{\sigma} = 1.058\)
We now have two equations:
\(12 - \mu = -1.253\sigma\)
\(19 - \mu = 1.058\sigma\)
Subtract the first equation from the second:
\(19 - 12 = 1.058\sigma + 1.253\sigma\)
\(7 = 2.311\sigma\)
Solving for \(\sigma\):
\(\sigma = \frac{7}{2.311} \approx 3.03\)
Substitute \(\sigma\) back into one of the equations to find \(\mu\):
\(12 - \mu = -1.253 \times 3.03\)
\(12 - \mu = -3.797\)
\(\mu = 12 + 3.797 \approx 15.8\)
Thus, the estimates for the mean and standard deviation are \(\mu = 15.8\) and \(\sigma = 3.03\).