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June 2023 p52 q4
3108
A fair 5-sided spinner has sides labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The spinner is spun repeatedly until a 2 is obtained on the side on which the spinner lands. The random variable X denotes the number of spins required.
(a) Find \(P(X = 4)\).
(b) Find \(P(X < 6)\).
Solution
(a) To find \(P(X = 4)\), we need the probability that the first 3 spins do not result in a 2, and the 4th spin does. The probability of not getting a 2 on a single spin is \(\frac{4}{5}\), and the probability of getting a 2 is \(\frac{1}{5}\). Therefore,
(b) To find \(P(X < 6)\), we calculate the probability of getting a 2 within the first 5 spins. This is the complement of not getting a 2 in the first 5 spins: