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June 2005 p6 q3
2956
A fair dice has four faces. One face is coloured pink, one is coloured orange, one is coloured green and one is coloured black. Five such dice are thrown and the number that fall on a green face are counted. The random variable \(X\) is the number of dice that fall on a green face.
(i) Show that the probability of 4 dice landing on a green face is 0.0146, correct to 4 decimal places.
(ii) Draw up a table for the probability distribution of \(X\), giving your answers correct to 4 decimal places.
Solution
(i) The probability of a single die landing on a green face is \(\frac{1}{4} = 0.25\). The probability of a die not landing on a green face is \(1 - 0.25 = 0.75\).
We use the binomial probability formula: \(P(X = k) = \binom{n}{k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k}\).
For 4 dice landing on a green face, \(n = 5\), \(k = 4\), \(p = 0.25\):
\(P(X = 4) = \binom{5}{4} (0.25)^4 (0.75)^1\)
\(= 5 \times (0.25)^4 \times 0.75\)
\(= 5 \times 0.00390625 \times 0.75\)
\(= 0.0146484375\)
Rounding to 4 decimal places gives \(0.0146\).
(ii) The probability distribution of \(X\) is calculated using the binomial formula for each value of \(X\) from 0 to 5: