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June 2019 p62 q5
2903
Maryam has 7 sweets in a tin; 6 are toffees and 1 is a chocolate. She chooses one sweet at random and takes it out. Her friend adds 3 chocolates to the tin. Then Maryam takes another sweet at random out of the tin.
Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate this situation.
Draw up the probability distribution table for the number of toffees taken.
Find the mean number of toffees taken.
Find the probability that the first sweet taken is a chocolate, given that the second sweet taken is a toffee.
Solution
(i) The tree diagram is as follows:
First draw two branches for the first sweet: Toffee (T) with probability \(\frac{6}{7}\) and Chocolate (C) with probability \(\frac{1}{7}\).
For the second sweet, if the first was a Toffee (T), draw branches for Toffee (T) with probability \(\frac{5}{9}\) and Chocolate (C) with probability \(\frac{4}{9}\).
If the first was a Chocolate (C), draw branches for Toffee (T) with probability \(\frac{6}{9}\) and Chocolate (C) with probability \(\frac{3}{9}\).
(ii) The probability distribution table for the number of toffees taken is:
No of toffees taken (T)
0
1
2
prob
\(\frac{3}{63}\)
\(\frac{30}{63}\)
\(\frac{30}{63}\)
(iii) The mean number of toffees taken is calculated as: