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June 2010 p61 q6
2803
(ii) Another set consists of 6 plastic mugs each of a different design and 3 china mugs each of a different design. Find in how many ways these 9 mugs can be arranged in a row if the china mugs are all separated from each other. (iii) Another set consists of 3 identical red mugs, 4 identical blue mugs and 7 identical yellow mugs. These 14 mugs are placed in a row. Find how many different arrangements of the colours are possible if the red mugs are kept together.
Solution
(ii) To arrange the 9 mugs such that the 3 china mugs are separated, first arrange the 6 plastic mugs. There are \(6!\) ways to arrange these. This creates 7 gaps (before, between, and after the plastic mugs) to place the china mugs. Choose 3 out of these 7 gaps, which can be done in \(\binom{7}{3}\) ways. Arrange the 3 china mugs in these gaps in \(3!\) ways. Therefore, the total number of arrangements is \(6! \times \binom{7}{3} \times 3! = 720 \times 35 \times 6 = 151200\).
(iii) Treat the 3 identical red mugs as a single unit. This gives us 12 units to arrange: 1 red unit, 4 blue mugs, and 7 yellow mugs. The total number of arrangements is \(\frac{12!}{4! \times 7!}\), accounting for the identical blue and yellow mugs. Therefore, the number of arrangements is \(\frac{479001600}{24 \times 5040} = 3960\).