(ii) Treat the 2 spaniels as one block and the 2 retrievers as another block. This gives us 5 blocks to arrange: 1 spaniel block, 1 retriever block, and 3 individual poodles. The number of ways to arrange these 5 blocks is given by:
\(5! = 120\)
Within the spaniel block, the 2 spaniels can be arranged in \(2!\) ways, and within the retriever block, the 2 retrievers can be arranged in \(2!\) ways. Therefore, the total number of arrangements is:
\(5! \times 2! \times 2! = 120 \times 2 \times 2 = 480\)
(iii) First, arrange the 4 non-poodles (2 spaniels and 2 retrievers) in a line. The number of ways to do this is:
\(4! = 24\)
There are 5 gaps created by these 4 dogs (before the first dog, between each pair of dogs, and after the last dog). We need to place the 3 poodles in these gaps such that no two poodles are adjacent. This is equivalent to choosing 3 gaps out of the 5 available, which can be done in:
\(\binom{5}{3} = 10\)
Therefore, the total number of arrangements is:
\(4! \times \binom{5}{3} = 24 \times 10 = 240\)
However, the mark scheme indicates a different approach, leading to a total of:
\(1440\)