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Feb/Mar 2017 p62 q5
2779
(ii) Another plate holds 7 cup cakes, each with a different colour icing, and 4 brownies, each of a different size. Find the number of different ways these 11 cakes can be arranged in a row if no brownie is next to another brownie. (iii) A plate of biscuits holds 4 identical chocolate biscuits, 6 identical shortbread biscuits and 2 identical gingerbread biscuits. These biscuits are all placed in a row. Find how many different arrangements are possible if the chocolate biscuits are all kept together.
Solution
(ii) First, arrange the 7 cup cakes, which can be done in \(7!\) ways. This creates 8 gaps (including the ends) where the brownies can be placed. Choose 4 out of these 8 gaps to place the brownies, which can be done in \(^8P_4\) ways. Therefore, the total number of arrangements is \(7! \times ^8P_4 = 8467200\).
(iii) Treat the 4 chocolate biscuits as a single unit. This gives us 7 units to arrange: 1 chocolate unit, 6 shortbread biscuits, and 2 gingerbread biscuits. The total arrangements of these units is \(\frac{9!}{6! \times 2!}\), accounting for the identical shortbread and gingerbread biscuits. Therefore, the total number of arrangements is 252.