5 letters are selected at random from the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL.
Find the number of different selections if the 5 letters include at least one E and at most one L.
Solution
The word 'CELESTIAL' consists of the letters: C, E, L, E, S, T, I, A, L.
We need to select 5 letters such that there is at least one E and at most one L.
Consider the scenarios:
- One E and one L: Choose 3 more letters from the remaining 5 letters (C, S, T, I, A). This can be done in \(\binom{5}{3} = 10\) ways.
- Two Es and one L: Choose 2 more letters from the remaining 5 letters (C, S, T, I, A). This can be done in \(\binom{5}{2} = 10\) ways.
- One E and no L: Choose 4 more letters from the remaining 6 letters (C, S, T, I, A, L). This can be done in \(\binom{5}{4} = 5\) ways.
- Two Es and no L: Choose 3 more letters from the remaining 6 letters (C, S, T, I, A, L). This can be done in \(\binom{5}{3} = 10\) ways.
Summing the number of ways for these scenarios gives:
\(10 + 10 + 5 + 10 = 35\)
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