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June 2002 p6 q1
2676
Events A and B are such that \(P(A) = 0.3\), \(P(B) = 0.8\) and \(P(A \text{ and } B) = 0.4\). State, giving a reason in each case, whether events A and B are
independent,
mutually exclusive.
Solution
(i) For events A and B to be independent, \(P(A) \times P(B)\) should equal \(P(A \text{ and } B)\). Calculate \(P(A) \times P(B) = 0.3 \times 0.8 = 0.24\). Since \(0.24 \neq 0.4\), events A and B are not independent.
(ii) For events A and B to be mutually exclusive, \(P(A \text{ and } B)\) should be 0. Since \(P(A \text{ and } B) = 0.4 \neq 0\), events A and B are not mutually exclusive.