(a) The variables x and y satisfy the differential equation \(\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4 + 9y^2}{e^{2x+1}}\).
It is given that \(y = 0\) when \(x = 1\).
Solve the differential equation, obtaining an expression for y in terms of x.
(b) State what happens to the value of y as x tends to infinity. Give your answer in an exact form.
Solution
(a) Separate variables: \(\int \frac{1}{4 + 9y^2} \, dy = \int e^{-(2x+1)} \, dx\).
Integrate both sides: \(\frac{1}{6} \arctan \left( \frac{3y}{2} \right) = -\frac{1}{2} e^{-(2x+1)} + C\).
Use initial condition \(y = 0\) when \(x = 1\) to find \(C\):
\(\frac{1}{6} \arctan(0) = -\frac{1}{2} e^{-3} + C\) gives \(C = \frac{1}{2} e^{-3}\).
Substitute \(C\) back: \(\frac{1}{6} \arctan \left( \frac{3y}{2} \right) = -\frac{1}{2} e^{-(2x+1)} + \frac{1}{2} e^{-3}\).
Solve for \(y\): \(y = \frac{2}{3} \arctan (3e^{-3} - 3e^{-2x-1})\).
(b) As \(x \to \infty\), \(e^{-2x-1} \to 0\), so \(y \to \frac{2}{3} \arctan (3e^{-3})\).
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