(i) We start with the given \(V = \frac{4}{3}h^3\). Differentiating with respect to \(t\), we have \(\frac{dV}{dt} = 4h^2 \frac{dh}{dt}\). The rate of liquid poured in is 20 m\(^3\) per hour, and the rate of leakage is \(kh^2\). Thus, \(\frac{dV}{dt} = 20 - kh^2\). Equating the two expressions for \(\frac{dV}{dt}\), we have:
\(4h^2 \frac{dh}{dt} = 20 - kh^2\)
When \(h = 1\), \(\frac{dh}{dt} = 4.95\), so:
\(4(1)^2(4.95) = 20 - k(1)^2\)
\(19.8 = 20 - k\)
\(k = 0.2\)
Substituting \(k = 0.2\) back, we get:
\(4h^2 \frac{dh}{dt} = 20 - 0.2h^2\)
\(\frac{dh}{dt} = \frac{5}{h^2} - \frac{1}{20}\)
(ii) We need to verify:
\(\frac{20h^2}{100-h^2} = -20 + \frac{2000}{(10-h)(10+h)}\)
Expanding the right side:
\(\frac{2000}{(10-h)(10+h)} = \frac{2000}{100-h^2}\)
Thus, \(-20 + \frac{2000}{100-h^2} = \frac{2000 - 20(100-h^2)}{100-h^2} = \frac{20h^2}{100-h^2}\)
(iii) Separating variables in the differential equation:
\(\frac{dh}{\frac{5}{h^2} - \frac{1}{20}} = dt\)
Integrating both sides, we have:
\(\int \frac{h^2}{5 - \frac{h^2}{20}} \, dh = \int dt\)
\(\int \frac{20h^2}{100-h^2} \, dh = t + C\)
Using partial fraction decomposition:
\(\frac{20h^2}{100-h^2} = -20 + \frac{2000}{(10-h)(10+h)}\)
Integrating gives:
\(-20h + 100 \ln(10+h) + 100 \ln(10-h) = t + C\)
\(t = 100 \ln \left( \frac{10+h}{10-h} \right) + C\)