(a) Expand \(\sqrt[3]{1 + 6x}\) in ascending powers of \(x\), up to and including the term in \(x^3\), simplifying the coefficients.
(b) State the set of values of \(x\) for which the expansion is valid.
Solution
(a) To expand \(\sqrt[3]{1 + 6x}\), we use the binomial series expansion for \((1 + u)^n\) where \(n = \frac{1}{3}\) and \(u = 6x\).
The expansion is given by:
\(1 + \frac{n}{1!}u + \frac{n(n-1)}{2!}u^2 + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)}{3!}u^3 + \ldots\)
Substituting \(n = \frac{1}{3}\) and \(u = 6x\), we get:
\(1 + \frac{1}{3}(6x) + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{-2}{3} \cdot \frac{(6x)^2}{2} + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{-2}{3} \cdot \frac{-5}{3} \cdot \frac{(6x)^3}{6}\)
Simplifying each term:
First term: \(1\)
Second term: \(2x\)
Third term: \(-4x^2\)
Fourth term: \(\frac{40}{3}x^3\)
Thus, the expansion up to \(x^3\) is \(1 + 2x - 4x^2 + \frac{40}{3}x^3\).
(b) The expansion is valid for \(|6x| < 1\), which simplifies to \(|x| < \frac{1}{6}\).
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