When \((1 + ax)^{-2}\), where \(a\) is a positive constant, is expanded in ascending powers of \(x\), the coefficients of \(x\) and \(x^3\) are equal.
(i) Find the exact value of \(a\). [4]
(ii) When \(a\) has this value, obtain the expansion up to and including the term in \(x^2\), simplifying the coefficients. [3]
Solution
(i) The binomial expansion of \((1 + ax)^{-2}\) is given by:
\(1 - 2(ax) + \frac{(-2)(-3)}{2!}(ax)^2 + \frac{(-2)(-3)(-4)}{3!}(ax)^3 + \ldots\)
The coefficient of \(x\) is \(-2a\) and the coefficient of \(x^3\) is \(-4a^3\).
Equating these coefficients: \(-2a = -4a^3\)
\(2a = 4a^3\)
\(a^2 = \frac{1}{2}\)
\(a = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
(ii) Substitute \(a = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\) into the expansion:
\((1 + ax)^{-2} = 1 - 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}x\right) + \frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}x\right)^2\)
\(= 1 - \sqrt{2}x + \frac{3}{2}x^2\)
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