June 2023 p32 q5
2005
The complex number \(2 + yi\) is denoted by \(a\), where \(y\) is a real number and \(y < 0\). It is given that \(f(a) = a^3 - a^2 - 2a\).
(a) Find a simplified expression for \(f(a)\) in terms of \(y\).
(b) Given that \(\text{Re}(f(a)) = -20\), find \(\arg a\).
Solution
(a) Substitute \(a = 2 + yi\) into \(f(a) = a^3 - a^2 - 2a\).
Calculate \(a^2 = (2 + yi)^2 = 4 + 4yi - y^2i^2 = 4 + 4yi + y^2\).
Calculate \(a^3 = (2 + yi)^3 = 8 + 12yi - 6y^2 - y^3i\).
Substitute into \(f(a) = a^3 - a^2 - 2a\):
\(f(a) = (8 + 12yi - 6y^2 - y^3i) - (4 + 4yi + y^2) - 2(2 + yi)\).
Simplify to get \(-5y^2 + (6y - y^3)i\).
(b) Given \(\text{Re}(f(a)) = -20\), equate \(-5y^2 = -20\) to solve for \(y\).
\(-5y^2 = -20 \Rightarrow y^2 = 4 \Rightarrow y = -2\) (since \(y < 0\)).
Now, \(a = 2 - 2i\). The argument \(\arg a = \arctan\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right) = \arctan(-1) = -\frac{\pi}{4}\).
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