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June 2019 p33 q8
1954
The complex number u is defined by
\(u = \frac{4i}{1 - (\sqrt{3})i}\).
Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real and exact.
Find the exact modulus and argument of u.
On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z satisfying the inequalities \(|z| < 2\) and \(|z - u| < |z|\).
Solution
(i) To express \(u\) in the form \(x + iy\), multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator:
(ii) The modulus of \(u = -\sqrt{3} + i\) is \(\sqrt{(-\sqrt{3})^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{3 + 1} = 2\).
The argument of \(u\) is \(\arctan\left(\frac{1}{-\sqrt{3}}\right) = \frac{5\pi}{6}\) (or 150°).
(iii) On the Argand diagram, draw a circle centered at the origin with radius 2. Plot \(u = -\sqrt{3} + i\) in the correct position. Draw the perpendicular bisector of the line joining \(u\) and the origin. Shade the region satisfying \(|z| < 2\) and \(|z - u| < |z|\).