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Nov 2011 p31 q5
1888
(i) By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation \(\sec x = 3 - \frac{1}{2}x^2\), where \(x\) is in radians, has a root in the interval \(0 < x < \frac{1}{2}\pi\).
(ii) Verify by calculation that this root lies between 1 and 1.4.
(iii) Show that this root also satisfies the equation \(x = \cos^{-1}\left( \frac{2}{6 - x^2} \right)\).
(iv) Use an iterative formula based on the equation in part (iii) to determine the root correct to 2 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 4 decimal places.
Solution
(i) Sketch the graphs of \(y = \sec x\) and \(y = 3 - \frac{1}{2}x^2\) over the interval \(0 < x < \frac{1}{2}\pi\). The intersection of these graphs indicates a root. The sketch should show that the graphs intersect, confirming a root exists in the interval.
(ii) Calculate \(\sec 1 - (3 - \frac{1}{2} \times 1^2)\) and \(\sec 1.4 - (3 - \frac{1}{2} \times 1.4^2)\). If the signs of these values are different, a root exists between 1 and 1.4.
(iii) Rearrange \(\sec x = 3 - \frac{1}{2}x^2\) to \(x = \cos^{-1}\left( \frac{2}{6 - x^2} \right)\) to show equivalence.
(iv) Use the iterative formula \(x_{n+1} = \cos^{-1}\left( \frac{2}{6 - x_n^2} \right)\) starting with an initial guess. Iterate until the value stabilizes to 4 decimal places. The iterations yield \(x \approx 1.13\).