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Nov 2020 p32 q10
1856
The diagram shows the curve \(y = \sqrt{x} \cos x\), for \(0 \leq x \leq \frac{3}{2}\pi\), and its minimum point \(M\), where \(x = a\). The shaded region between the curve and the x-axis is denoted by \(R\).
(a) Show that \(a\) satisfies the equation \(\tan a = \frac{1}{2a}\).
(b) The sequence of values given by the iterative formula \(a_{n+1} = \pi + \arctan\left(\frac{1}{2a_n}\right)\), with initial value \(x_1 = 3\), converges to \(a\). Use this formula to determine \(a\) correct to 2 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 4 decimal places.
(c) Find the volume of the solid obtained when the region \(R\) is rotated completely about the x-axis. Give your answer in terms of \(\pi\).
Solution
(a) Differentiate \(y = \sqrt{x} \cos x\) using the product rule: \(\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} \cos x - \sqrt{x} \sin x\).
Set the derivative to zero for the minimum point: \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} \cos x = \sqrt{x} \sin x\).
Simplify to \(\cos x = 2x \sin x\), leading to \(\tan x = \frac{1}{2x}\).
(b) Use the iterative formula \(a_{n+1} = \pi + \arctan\left(\frac{1}{2a_n}\right)\) starting with \(a_1 = 3\).