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June 2005 p3 q5
1441
The polynomial \(x^4 + 5x + a\) is denoted by \(p(x)\). It is given that \(x^2 - x + 3\) is a factor of \(p(x)\).
(i) Find the value of \(a\) and factorise \(p(x)\) completely.
(ii) Hence state the number of real roots of the equation \(p(x) = 0\), justifying your answer.
Solution
(i) To find \(a\), perform polynomial division of \(x^4 + 5x + a\) by \(x^2 - x + 3\). The quotient is \(x^2 + x\) and the remainder is \(3x + a\). Equating the remainder to zero gives:
\(3x + a = 0\)
Since \(x^2 - x + 3\) is a factor, the remainder must be zero for all \(x\). Thus, \(a = -6\).
Now, factorise \(x^2 + x - 2\) as \((x + 2)(x - 1)\). Therefore, \(p(x) = (x^2 - x + 3)(x + 2)(x - 1)\).
(ii) The quadratic \(x^2 + x - 2 = 0\) has two real roots, \(x = -2\) and \(x = 1\). The quadratic \(x^2 - x + 3 = 0\) has no real roots (discriminant \(b^2 - 4ac = 1 - 12 = -11\)). Therefore, \(p(x) = 0\) has two real roots.