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Nov 2012 p13 q11
1298
The diagram shows the curve with equation \(y = x(x - 2)^2\). The minimum point on the curve has coordinates \((a, 0)\) and the \(x\)-coordinate of the maximum point is \(b\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are constants.
State the value of \(a\).
Find the value of \(b\).
Find the area of the shaded region.
The gradient, \(\frac{dy}{dx}\), of the curve has a minimum value \(m\). Find the value of \(m\).
Solution
(i) The minimum point occurs when \(y = 0\). Solving \(x(x-2)^2 = 0\) gives \(x = 0\) or \(x = 2\). Thus, \(a = 2\).
(ii) To find \(b\), differentiate \(y = x(x-2)^2\) to get \(\frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 - 8x + 4\). Setting \(\frac{dy}{dx} = 0\) gives \((x-2)(3x-2) = 0\), so \(x = 2\) or \(x = \frac{2}{3}\). The maximum point is at \(x = \frac{2}{3}\), so \(b = \frac{2}{3}\).
(iii) The area of the shaded region is \(\int_0^2 x(x-2)^2 \, dx\). Expanding gives \(x^3 - 4x^2 + 4x\). Integrating, we get \(\left[ \frac{x^4}{4} - \frac{4x^3}{3} + 2x^2 \right]_0^2 = \frac{4}{3}\).
(iv) The second derivative is \(\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = 6x - 8\). Setting \(\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = 0\) gives \(x = \frac{4}{3}\). At this point, \(\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{4}{3}\), so \(m = -\frac{4}{3}\).