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June 2016 p11 q5
1201
A farmer divides a rectangular piece of land into 8 equal-sized rectangular sheep pens as shown in the diagram. Each sheep pen measures \(x\) m by \(y\) m and is fully enclosed by metal fencing. The farmer uses 480 m of fencing.
(i) Show that the total area of land used for the sheep pens, \(A\) m\(^2\), is given by \(A = 384x - 9.6x^2\).
(ii) Given that \(x\) and \(y\) can vary, find the dimensions of each sheep pen for which the value of \(A\) is a maximum. (There is no need to verify that the value of \(A\) is a maximum.)
Solution
(i) The total area \(A\) is given by \(A = 2y \times 4x = 8xy\).
The total fencing used is given by the perimeter equation: \(10y + 12x = 480\).
Solving for \(y\) in terms of \(x\):
\(y = \frac{480 - 12x}{10} = 48 - 1.2x\).
Substitute \(y\) into the area equation:
\(A = 8x(48 - 1.2x) = 384x - 9.6x^2\).
(ii) To find the maximum area, differentiate \(A\) with respect to \(x\):
\(\frac{dA}{dx} = 384 - 19.2x\).
Set \(\frac{dA}{dx} = 0\) to find critical points:
\(384 - 19.2x = 0\).
Solving gives \(x = 20\).
Substitute \(x = 20\) back into the equation for \(y\):
\(y = 48 - 1.2 \times 20 = 24\).
Thus, the dimensions for maximum area are \(x = 20\) m and \(y = 24\) m.