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Nov 2005 p1 q5
1195
The diagram shows the cross-section of a hollow cone and a circular cylinder. The cone has radius 6 cm and height 12 cm, and the cylinder has radius \(r\) cm and height \(h\) cm. The cylinder just fits inside the cone with all of its upper edge touching the surface of the cone.
(i) Express \(h\) in terms of \(r\) and hence show that the volume, \(V \text{ cm}^3\), of the cylinder is given by \(V = 12\pi r^2 - 2\pi r^3\).
(ii) Given that \(r\) varies, find the stationary value of \(V\).
Solution
(i) Using similar triangles, \(\frac{6}{12} = \frac{r}{12-h}\). Solving for \(h\), we get \(h = 12 - 2r\).
The volume of the cylinder is \(V = \pi r^2 h\). Substituting \(h = 12 - 2r\), we have:
\(V = \pi r^2 (12 - 2r) = 12\pi r^2 - 2\pi r^3\).
(ii) Differentiate \(V\) with respect to \(r\):
\(\frac{dV}{dr} = 24\pi r - 6\pi r^2\).
Set \(\frac{dV}{dr} = 0\) to find the stationary point:
\(24\pi r - 6\pi r^2 = 0\).
Factor out \(6\pi r\):
\(6\pi r (4 - r) = 0\).
Thus, \(r = 0\) or \(r = 4\). Since \(r = 0\) is not feasible, \(r = 4\).