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June 2005 p1 q9
1171
A curve has equation \(y = \frac{4}{\sqrt{x}}\).
The normal to the curve at the point \((4, 2)\) meets the \(x\)-axis at \(P\) and the \(y\)-axis at \(Q\). Find the length of \(PQ\), correct to 3 significant figures.
Solution
First, find the derivative of the curve \(y = \frac{4}{\sqrt{x}}\). Rewrite it as \(y = 4x^{-0.5}\).
The derivative is \(\frac{dy}{dx} = -2x^{-1.5}\).
At the point \((4, 2)\), the gradient of the tangent is \(\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{4}\).
The gradient of the normal is the negative reciprocal, so \(m = 4\).
The equation of the normal is \(y - 2 = 4(x - 4)\).
Simplify to get \(y = 4x - 14\).
Find where the normal meets the \(x\)-axis by setting \(y = 0\):
\(0 = 4x - 14\)
\(x = 3.5\)
So, \(P(3.5, 0)\).
Find where the normal meets the \(y\)-axis by setting \(x = 0\):